US Policy and Regulatory Alert – Date: 22 January 2025
By David J. Raphael, Samuel R. Boden, Matthew H. Leggett, Laurie B. Purpuro, John W. Northington Jr., Cliff L. Rothenstein, Tim L. Peckinpaugh, Andrew H. Tabler, and Varu Chilakamarri
On 20 January 2025, President Trump issued an Executive Order declaring a National Energy Emergency (Order).1 Under the National Emergencies Act,2 the president may declare a national emergency that allows the government to use statutory authorities that are reserved for times of national emergencies. In other words, a national emergency declaration does not suspend or change the law except as permitted by applicable statutory emergency authorities. The relevant statutory emergency authorities are discussed below.
In summary, the Order directs agencies to utilize their statutory emergency powers to speed up development and authorization of energy projects. Notably, however, the Order defines “energy” as: “crude oil, natural gas, lease condensates, natural gas liquids, refined petroleum products, uranium, coal, biofuels, geothermal heat, the kinetic movement of flowing water, and critical minerals.” As such, the Order does not apply to solar, wind, batteries, or other energy sources not contained in the definition of “energy.”
The Order contains six substantive provisions:
Emergency Approvals
The Order directs the heads of executive departments and agencies to identify authorities to facilitate domestic energy production on Federal and other lands, including Federal eminent domain authorities and authorities under the Defense Production Act.3 This provision also directs the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to consider issuing emergency fuel waivers to allow the year-round sale of E15 gasoline.4
Expediting the Delivery of Energy Infrastructure
The Order directs agencies to use all relevant lawful emergency and other authorities to: (a) expedite the completion of authorized and appropriate energy projects; (b) facilitate energy production and transportation through the West Coast, Northeast, and Alaska; and (c) report on these activities to the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy.
Emergency Regulations and Nationwide Permits Under the Clean Water Act and Other Statutes Administered by the Army Corps of Engineers
The Order directs the heads of all agencies to identify planned or potential actions to facilitate energy production that may be subject to the Army Corps emergency permitting provisions and use these authorities to facilitate the nation’s energy supply.5 The Order also requires agencies to report on evaluations under this provision and directs the Army Corps and EPA to promptly coordinate with agencies regarding application of Army Corps permitting provisions.
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