DOE announces $20 million to advance perovskite solar tech

Perovskite solar cells convert ultraviolet and visible light into electricity very efficiently, meaning they might be excellent tandem partners with absorber materials such as crystalline silicon that efficiently convert lower-energy light.

Department of Energy News Release

WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced $20 million in funding to advance perovskite solar photovoltaic technologies. Perovskites are a family of materials with a specific crystal structure, named after the mineral with that structure. When used to create solar cells, they have shown potential for high performance and low production costs. To be competitive in the marketplace, perovskite’s long-term durability must be tested and verified, the aim of this funding opportunity announcement through DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).

“Under this Administration, the Department of Energy is committed to an ‘all-of-the-above’ energy strategy, including solar and other renewable technologies,” said U.S. Secretary of Energy Dan Brouillette. “We will continue to invest in early-stage research and development to improve the affordability, reliability, and value of solar technologies on the grid and position the United States as the world’s leading manufacturer of clean energy technologies.”

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“Perovskites are a promising solar technology that could help us reach the next level of innovative and efficient solar power,” said Deputy Secretary of Energy Mark W. Menezes. “Our goal is to further advance this technology here in the United States. The research and development supported by this $20 million investment will help us better understand how perovskite solar cells, which can be manufactured quickly, can further this mission.”

Some of the goals of the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Office are to improve understanding of perovskite stability; establish methods to produce high-efficiency, stable perovskite devices using industry-relevant fabrication techniques; and develop test protocols that enable high confidence in long-duration field performance of perovskite-based photovoltaic technologies.

DOE will fund projects in three topic areas:

Topic Area 1: Device R&D (Efficiency and Stability)

This topic area will focus on research projects to advance perovskite efficiency and stability at the cell or mini-module scale beyond the current state of the art technology. Projects may include intrinsic and extrinsic approaches to improve stability, methods to understand and characterize degradation, alternative materials or processes to improve performance or reduce costs, and advanced device architecture, including tandems. Teams may be led by academic, DOE National Laboratory, or industry researchers, and should include diverse participants from the research and development (R&D) community to maximize relevance and utilization of results.

Topic Area 2: Manufacturing R&D

This topic area will fund research projects to address challenges with manufacturing perovskite modules at relevant scale and throughput. Key areas will include process uniformity and repeatability, cell to module conversion losses, and encapsulation approaches. Teams must be led by a for-profit or nonprofit business and should include substantial involvement by established manufacturing and process engineering entities with proven expertise in the area.

Topic Area 3: Validation and Bankability Center

This topic area seeks to establish a neutral, independent validation center that can be used to verify perovskite device performance and address acceptance and bankability challenges. Independence and neutrality are required to ensure there are no conflicts of interest between this effort and other projects seeking to demonstrate high-performance devices. This center will be responsible for developing and refining test protocols, including accelerated life testing that closely correlates with long-term field performance. The center will also be responsible for operating an extensive field testing effort using devices produced by the R&D community to iteratively refine all test protocols and improve community understanding of remaining stability and performance issues. The center will investigate the environmental impact of perovskite technologies and serve as an objective source of information and analysis for the investment and finance communities. Teams must be led by a DOE Federally Funded Research and Development Center/National Laboratory.

Register for the informational webinar on August 21 to learn more about this funding opportunity. For more information about EERE’s Solar Energy Technology Office, please see the Solar Energy Technologies Office website.

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Nestlé Waters North America expands recycled PET use

Nestlé Waters North America expands rPET use

Three more brands join Poland Spring in using bottles made from 100 percent rPET.

By DeAnne Toto Recycling Today July 21, 2020

Nestlé Waters North America (NWNA), headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, has announced that three more of its U.S. still water brands—Ozarka, Deer Park and Zephyrhills—have started to convert to 100-percent-recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) packaging. The company says this transition means nearly 60 percent of all households in the U.S. will have access to one of its regionally distributed spring water brands in bottles made entirely with recycled plastic.

“We have made significant strides on our journey to use more sustainable packaging,” David Tulauskas, NWNA vice president and chief sustainability officer, says. “Bottles made with other bottles—like these—provide tangible proof that recycling works and the circular economy for plastics is achievable. By using recycled plastic, we are breathing new life into existing materials, reducing the need for new plastic and our carbon footprint and supporting the 757,000 jobs in recycling and reuse activities in the U.S.”

With this change, NWNA has doubled the amount of rPET used since 2019 across its U.S. domestic portfolio to 16.5 percent. NWNA has set a goal to use 25 percent rPET across its U.S. domestic portfolio by 2021 and 50 percent by 2025.

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“Based on our own research, we found that consumers value higher amounts of rPET, so we wanted to offer a bottle that was made entirely with 100 percent rPET,” Tulauskas tells Recycling Today. “It is also helping us better understand the operational feasibility, investment requirements and impact of running bottles with 100 percent rPET content.”  

He says long-term agreements and collaborative relationships with suppliers will help the company meet its 2025 recycled-content goal, adding, “we are hoping we can help them invest in their existing operations and expand capacity for more high-quality, food-grade recycled plastic.”

Tulauskas says NWNA often pays more for recycled plastic than for virgin plastic. “This is an investment we prioritize for the business, given our responsibility as a producer of packaged goods and our commitment to sustainability as we work toward a waste-free future.”

Among the company’s rPET suppliers is Los Angeles-based CarbonLite, which recently expanded its Dallas plant that is located near an NWNA bottling facility. Tulauskas says the expansion “allows us to source more material from a location that is better positioned logistically to serve another key region for our brands.”

Insufficient PET bottle recovery could affect NWNA’s ability to fulfill its 2025 recycled-content goal. “To achieve this, there needs to be a robust and stable supply of food-grade recycled content,” he says.

“Unfortunately, less than 30 percent of all plastic bottles are recycled, and many recovered beverage containers are being down-cycled and used in nonfood-contact applications versus being made back into beverage containers.”

Tulauskas continues, “To create a continuous supply of recycled plastic, there needs to be a broad, collective effort by industry, government and NGOs (nongovernmental organizations) to address critical issues related to infrastructure, collection, policy, consumer education and development of end markets for recycled materials. We are encouraged by the accelerated collaboration among these groups, and we will continue to work with them to help increase the use of recycled content in packaging, encourage packaging design that is compatible with the recycling system, improve recycling infrastructure and curbside access and educate consumers about the impact they can make by recycling.”

To help consumers identify the new 100-percent-rPET bottles, all three brands will include a message on the labels of the 20-ounce, 700-milliliter, 1-liter and 1.5L-liter bottles stating they are 100 percent recyclable and made from 100-percent-recycled plastic, NWNA says. Ozarka will launch a TV, digital and social media campaign this summer to inform Texans of the new rPET bottles. Understanding that bottles need to be recycled to create bottles with other bottles, Zephyrhills will launch limited-edition labels that encourage consumers to recycle with the message: “I’m not trash! I’m 100 percent recyclable.” This message will accompany the “100 percent recycled” message on the applicable bottle sizes.

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NJ Senate Environment & Energy Committee to take up five bills on Monday

The New Jersey Senate Environment and Energy Committee will meet on Monday, August 17, 2020 at 10:00 A.M,

The following bills will be considered:

S2098 (Holzapfel) – Requires labeling of ingredients and restricts phosphorus in household cleansing products.

S2099 (Holzapfel) – Provides State income tax credit for removal of lawns near Barnegat Bay.

S2605 (Smith / Bateman) – Directs BPU to establish utility-scale solar energy development program.

S2611 (Smith / Bateman) – Requires BPU to establish and maintain electronic public records access service on its website; requires BPU to provide certain notice of its meetings and hearings and allow public comment.

S2804 (Smith) – Requires BPU to conduct certain analysis and comparison study of electric transmission grid operating in New Jersey.

     Due to the public health emergency, the State House Annex remains closed to visitors and members of the public will not be allowed to attend the meeting in person, unless properly registered to testify on a bill under consideration. The public may monitor the committee proceedings on the New Jersey Legislature homepage, at https: / / www.njleg.state.nj.us / . The committee will take in person testimony on bills for those members of the public who properly register. If you are interested in registering your position with the committee, please fill out the Registration Form located on the New Jersey Legislature home page under the applicable committee heading. If you wish to testify, check the box ‘Do you wish to testify?’ on the form. The form must be submitted by 3:00 PM on August 14, 2020. Instructions for providing testimony will be forwarded to you.

     The public is encouraged to submit written testimony electronically in lieu of oral testimony. Written testimony will be included in the committee record and distributed to the committee members. Written testimony should be submitted to OLSAideSEN@njleg.org.

(The public may address comments and questions to Matthew H. Peterson, Committee Aide, or make bill status and scheduling inquiries to Pamela Cocroft, Secretary, at 609-847-3855, fax 609-292-0561, or e-mail: OLSAideSEN@njleg.org. Written and electronic comments, questions and testimony submitted to the committee by the public, as well as recordings and transcripts, if any, of oral testimony, are government records and will be available to the public upon request.)

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Else Greenstone, environmental educator, hawk migration authority

Else Nielsen Magagnato Greenwood at Montclair Hawk Watch

Else Nielsen Magagnato Greenstone, 73, an environmental educator and authority on the migration of hawks and eagles, died on August 11 after a long illness.

She made significant contributions to migration studies during her 35 years as a volunteer with the New Jersey Audubon Society, and was responsible for teaching conservation and raptor biology to thousands of school children and countless other visitors to the Montclair Hawk Watch.  She was one of the first women in the United States to conduct hawk migration counts.

Her extraordinary life reads like a fairy tale.  Orphaned at the age of 18 in her native Copenhagen, Denmark, she fell in love with Venice during a trip with girlfriends and moved there in 1967.  Not knowing the language or anyone there, Else was able to find work at the Danish Consulate and also with an Italian family, where she cared for three sisters.  Her Italian “parents,” the late Bruno and Gianna Magagnato (101), adopted her into their family.

She met her husband Wayne when the train they were traveling in derailed near Nuremberg, Germany.  They wed a year later under the Barnegat Lighthouse, and she passed away on their 48th wedding anniversary.

Always a lover of nature and birds, but without any formal training, a visit to New Jersey Audubon’s Montclair Hawk Watch in 1981 – on a day when over 10,000 Broad-winged hawks were observed – led to a lifetime devoted to studying birds of prey and teaching about their migration and conservation.  Many of the interns who worked under her mentorship went on to follow careers in biology and ornithology.

One of her often-cited observations exemplifies Else’s spirit:

One need only look at a child’s face beaming at the sight of a soaring Bald Eagle or the glorious colors of an American Kestrel to realize that while the count itself is important, it is the shared experience of the beauty of these birds and the mystery of migration that is at the core of the Montclair Hawk Watch. While sharing in the quest of the Autumnal wingspan, we reach out for an increased knowledge and a growing awareness of the plight of the birds of prey . . .

For 35 years, she spent nearly every day observing and recording the migration of hawks during Fall and Spring in the skies over Montclair. Else and her husband Wayne, a retired environmental attorney, traveled to many parts of the globe to observe migration, including five trips to the Rio de Rapaces project in Vera Cruz, Mexico, site of the largest raptor migration in the Western Hemisphere; southern Spain, Sweden and Denmark, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in Pennsylvania, and Cape May.

In addition to her work at the Montclair Hawk Watch, Else served as President of the Montclair Bird Club.  Her work in conservation and raptor education has been recognized and honored by the Hawk Migration Association of North America, New Jersey Audubon and the Montclair Bird Club.

She leaves behind her husband Wayne, of Cranford; nephews John Nielsen and Frank Castella, and their families, of Denmark; sisters Lucia and Roberta Magagnato of Mestre-Venice, Italy, and their families; brothers-in-law Sam Greenstone, of Woodland Hills, California, and Jay Greenstone, of Livingston, New Jersey, and their families; and sisters Susan Schell, of Ohio, Joan Castine and Barbara Schwartz, of Florida, and their families.

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Stalled New Jersey environmental justice bill with big permit implications likely to pass

The long-anticipated legislation has major backing from lawmakers and community groups. Despite business community opposition, stakeholders such as Covanta have expressed their support.

The image by Kai Schreiber is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

By E.A. Crunden WasteDive

Stakeholders say a New Jersey bill that would significantly weigh environmental justice factors in a number of decisions around industrial projects is still likely to pass despite momentarily stalling in the state legislature. The legislation could affect new permits and renewals for facilities, with major implications for the waste and recycling industry.

The bill (S232) passed the state Senate by a vote of 22 to 14 in June. But after appearing all but certain to pass the Assembly in late July, lawmakers did not bring it to the floor for a vote.

If the bill passes, it would come despite opposition from many business stakeholders, who have said the legislation is vague with unclear impacts. Some members of the industry have also said they feel singled out, as the bill directly targets waste and recycling facilities, while also expressing support for certain components.

Both Covanta and Wheelabrator operate facilities in New Jersey and the National Waste and Recycling Association (NWRA) has been closely following the bill. Steve Changaris, vice president of NWRA’s Northeast region, said the organization has expressed its concerns about the bill’s broad scope, which could impact pre-existing facilities along with new projects, including any stemming from New Jersey’s new commercial organics diversion mandate. 

“We all know that people have to be heard, and we want to incorporate their views into the decision-making,” Changaris said. But waste operators, he said, “just want to know what’s going to happen in the process.”

Despite such hesitations, sources largely agree the bill is likely to succeed barring any surprise hurdles. They cite momentum around the measure, which is backed by many lawmakers and members of low-income communities of color in the state, along with growing support for recent Black Lives Matter demonstrations.

A sweeping legislative effort

Attempts to create environmental justice legislation in New Jersey stretch back over a decade, with this latest bill getting farther than any prior attempt has before and set to become the strictest law of its kind nationwide according to stakeholders. 

Under S232, the state Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) would have to consider the impacts to “overburdened communities” posed by certain new facilities, along with expansions of those facilities or renewals of major source permits. It would be effective 180 days from enactment. 

The bill singles out any sites that are major sources of air pollution, along with “resource recovery” facilities or incinerators, landfills, transfer stations, sludge processing plants, and scrap metal facilities, as well as recycling facilities receiving at least 100 tons of recyclable material per day. Impacted communities are defined within census block groups with either 35% or more of households qualifying as low-income, at least 40% of residents being people of color, or at least 40% having reduced English proficiency. Estimates by lawmakers and various groups find around 300 of New Jersey’s 565 municipalities could have at least one community that falls into those categories. 

Sites in those areas would need to prepare an environmental justice statement and transmit it to the relevant municipality 60 days prior to a public hearing. A decision on the site would be delayed for at least 45 days following the hearing, and the department would ultimately be free to deny a permit on environmental justice grounds. 

Experts with knowledge of the process said the legislation could prevent the creation or continuation of a number of facilities, and even several supporters said it could hinder business efforts. Some estimated the environmental justice statement and public hearing process alone could cost around $50,000 or more, before accounting for other costs, including any operational expenses that would likely be much higher. 

A last-minute holdup occurred on July 30 when Assembly Speaker Craig Coughlin did not bring the bill to the floor for a vote — seemingly due to labor pushback over the inclusion of permit renewals. Trade unions have expressed fears about the implications that measure could hold for jobs, according to reporting by Politico. In the days since, lawmakers have said they are working with those groups to address their concerns and that they still hope to pass the bill by Labor Day.  

The bill has buy-in from impacted communities and environmental groups, as well as Gov. Phil Murphy who has taken the unusual step of publicly throwing his support behind the effort. Other prominent names have also endorsed it. Sen. Cory Booker called into a virtual July 20 environment and solid waste committee hearing to speak in support of the legislation from his car while en route to Washington, D.C.

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New Jersey Supreme Court upholds Gov. Murphy’s $10B borrowing plan

By: NJBIZ STAFF
August 12, 2020 12:13 pm

The state Supreme Court unanimously upheld Gov. Phil Murphy’s plan to borrow nearly $10 billion to cover a huge budget shortfall caused by the COVID-19 economic downturn.

But in a 57-page opinion written by Chief Justice Stuart Rabner, the Court imposed some limitations on the borrowing authority.

GOP lawmakers and the state Republican Party had challenged the constitutionality of the scheme and on Aug. 5 the justices heard more than two hours of oral arguments in the case.

More details soon.

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