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EPA Finalizes Review of Upper Hudson PCB Cleanup

From the United States Environmental Protection Agency

NEW YORK (January 16, 2025) – After carefully considering public comment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has finalized its third periodic review of the cleanup of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Upper Hudson River. The EPA looked at all the project data for water, fish and sediment collected between 2016-2021, and the fish data from 2022. The EPA’s review concludes that the levels of PCBs in water and fish are going down overall, but more fish data is needed. The agency needs at least eight years of data after dredging to draw science-based conclusions about the rate of recovery in the fish. The eighth year of fish data was collected in 2024. The results of that sampling will be available in 2025. The EPA will release an addendum to the report when enough fish data is available, as soon as this year but no later than 2027.

The EPA released the draft version of its review in early July 2024 for public comment. The 120-day public comment period ended on November 7.

Some commenters asked the EPA to conclude that the cleanup is not protective of people’s health and the environment. However, the EPA is not making a decision about protectiveness at this time. The EPA addendum will include a protectiveness determination.

“In issuing this final report today, we want to express how much EPA appreciates hearing from Hudson River communities for the past few months,” said EPA Regional Administrator Lisa F. Garcia. “While the science tells us that we can’t make a final determination yet about how well the cleanup is working, we will make a determination as soon as we can. Many of the comments we received talked about people’s personal connection to the river and reflect the passion that so many people have for this iconic river and this will drive our effort to continue to clean up and protect the Hudson River.”

The EPA prepared a separate document that responds to the variety of comments received.

As the EPA continues to collect and evaluate data, it is also enhancing the monitoring program to get a better understanding of the river’s recovery. This includes a series of special studies that will be looking more closely at water, fish and sediment in specific areas of the river. Several of these studies are already underway.

Fish consumption restrictions and advisories will continue to be necessary to protect people’s health. The primary risk to people at the site is from eating fish they catch that contains unsafe levels of PCBs. The cleanup plan that the EPA selected in 2002 for the Upper Hudson River called for dredging followed by an extended period of natural recovery – a gradual period of improvement in water, fish and sediment that the EPA projected would occur over a more than 50-year timeframe.

The fishing restrictions in the Upper Hudson River will need to remain in place until PCB levels in fish are reduced and New York State determines that changes can be made. In the Lower Hudson River, the general population can eat some types of fish that they catch, based on the New York State advice. However, anyone who can get pregnant and children under 15 should not eat any fish or crabs from the Hudson River. The EPA is working closely with the New York State Department of Health to support their education and outreach program to inform area newcomers and others who may be looking to the river as a food source.

The EPA is also committed to ensuring that General Electric Company (GE) remains accountable for the PCBs that came from its former manufacturing plants in Hudson Falls and Fort Edward and is actively working throughout the Upper and Lower Hudson River to study and address PCBs. An extensive floodplain study is underway in the Upper Hudson River to evaluate PCB contamination in soil in shoreline areas along a 43-mile stretch of river between Hudson Falls and Troy, New York. The EPA is also overseeing the deconstruction of the Powerhouse and Allen Mill in Hudson Falls, New York – two structures located adjacent to the former GE Hudson Falls plant. Under the latest agreement with GE, the EPA began an investigation in the Lower Hudson River in 2023 which includes extensive fish, water and sediment sampling between Troy and the Battery in New York City.

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EPA finalizes cleanup plan for two sites in New Jersey

Cleanup Plan announced for Welsbach & General Gas Mantle Superfund Site (Camden Radiation) at Gloucester Marine Terminal

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has finalized changes that add measures to its cleanup plan to address radiological contamination at the former Welsbach Facility at the Welsbach & General Gas Mantle (Camden Radiation) Superfund Site. The former Welsbach Facility is located within the footprint of the Gloucester Marine Terminal in Gloucester City and Camden, New Jersey. These changes adapt the original plan to address some additional radioactive material that was found at the site, while minimizing disruptions to the port facility’s operations.

“This updated cleanup plan highlights EPA’s ongoing commitment to protecting public health and ensuring a safe environment for the port communities,” said EPA Regional Administrator Lisa F. Garcia. “We continuously assess conditions and adapt our strategies to ensure the cleanup remains scientifically sound while accommodating the ongoing operations at the Gloucester Marine Terminal.”

The amended cleanup plan focuses on addressing radiological contamination at the former Welsbach Facility. The plan adds key actions that include:

Removal of radiologically contaminated soil and waste material from selected areas at the Gloucester Marine Terminal, including under buildings, to a depth of approximately 10 feet.
Disposal of excavated material at an off-site, licensed, and EPA-approved facility.
Backfilling of excavated areas with clean soil to restore the site.
Restoring paved areas to their previous condition.
Implementing institutional controls, such as deed restrictions, to limit access to remaining contaminated areas.

EPA’s changes to the original cleanup plan are necessary after EPA found a greater volume and depth of soil contamination than initially assessed, including radiologically contaminated materials beneath structures at the port facility. Removing these materials would significantly increase the original cleanup costs, delay the project, and cause major disruptions to port operations. EPA’s study on current site conditions confirms that the amended cleanup plan will protect public health and the safety of port workers, even with some contamination remaining at depth and under certain structures after the cleanup is completed. Removal of contaminated material under structures would only be completed if and when the property owner demolishes those structures.

EPA added the Welsbach & General Gas Mantle (Camden Radiation) site to the federal Superfund list in 1996. Because of the nature, size and complexity of the site, EPA divided the investigation and cleanup into multiple phases. In 1999, EPA selected a plan for the first phase of the cleanup, which included the excavation and off-site disposal of radiologically contaminated soil and building materials, and backfilling of the areas with clean soil. To date, EPA has removed more than 200,000 cubic yards of radiologically contaminated soil and building materials from more than 90 properties in the Gloucester City and Camden areas and has investigated more than 900 properties.

Additional background and the proposed amended cleanup plan will be available at the Welsbach & General Gas Mantle (Camden Radiation) Superfund site profile page.

EPA finalizes cleanup plan for two sites in New Jersey Read More »

Wildfire fighters catch a break today in Los Angeles

LOS ANGELES (AP) — The windy, flame-fanning weather that put the nation’s second most-populous metropolitan region on edge eased up Wednesday as firefighters made significant gains against the two massive wildfires burning around Los Angeles.

A “Particularly Dangerous Situation” red-flag warning expired without causing explosive fire growth as feared, though forecasters said gusty winds could linger into early Thursday, mostly in the mountains. Temperatures were predicted to drop, and a deep marine layer was expected to move in over the weekend, according to the National Weather Service in Los Angeles.

Those improved conditions should help fire crews make even more headway and allow residents to return to their neighborhoods to begin rebuilding.

But Santa Ana winds could return early next week.

“Good news: We are expecting a much-needed break from the fire weather concerns to close this week,” the weather service posted on social media Wednesday afternoon. “Bad News: Next week is a concern. While confident that we will NOT see a repeat of last week, dangerous fire weather conditions are expected.”

See inside a ‘Super Scooper’ fighting wildfires in California

Wildfire fighters catch a break today in Los Angeles Read More »

EPA warns of PFAS exposure from biosolids used as fertilizer

Farmers could be at risk due to the chemicals leaching into food and water, the agency said in its draft risk assessment, which is now open for comment.

By Jacob Wallace Editor, Waste Dive, Jan. 15, 2025

The U.S. EPA warns that two kinds of PFAS chemicals can harm human health when found in biosolids at concentrations as low as 1 part per billion after the material has been disposed of or used as fertilizer. The agency determined the chemicals could leach from the material, commonly known as sewage sludge, whether it’s land applied, disposed of in a landfill or incinerated.

The EPA released its draft risk assessment Tuesday. It’s the first comprehensive look performed by the agency at contamination from PFOA and PFOS, two forms of perfluoroalkyl substances, in biosolids.

The acknowledgment comes after years of concern from farmers and state regulators, who have been raising alarms about land application despite its reputation as an effective means of organics recycling.

“They’ve known about PFAS in sludge for well over a decade and their impacts on drinking water, so this report is a long time coming,” Jared Hayes, senior policy analyst at the Environmental Working Group, said. “This report helps confirm the things that we knew.”

The EPA’s draft risk assessment is not an enforceable document, but could guide future actions. It recommends a focus on sources of PFAS chemicals that are upstream of wastewater treatment plants in order to remove treatment at the source.

The agency noted that it plans to set “technology-based limits” on wastewater discharges from industrial sources upstream of wastewater treatment plants, including landfills, under the Effluent Limitations Guidelines program. The agency has been studying PFAS in landfill leachate for several years, and announced in 2023 that new guidelines are “warranted.”

Read the full story here

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Winds threaten new or expanded wildfires in Los Angeles area

By the Washington Post

More strong winds are forecast for the Los Angeles area on Wednesday, bringing with them the threat of new or expanded blazes as firefighters battle to contain the conflagration that has already burned some 40,000 acres and killed more than 20 people.

The National Weather Service issued a high-level “particularly dangerous situation” warning through 3 p.m. local time Wednesday and extended a red-flag warning through Thursday for some areas north of the city. “Please stay on guard for a fast-moving fire,” it said.

While cooler temperatures are expected over the weekend, weather officials say any reprieve will probably be brief, with Santa Ana windstorms that can fan flames and carry potentially dangerous embers predicted to potentially return Monday, and no rain forecast for at least the next week.

The two largest wildfires, Palisades and Eaton, are only 19 percent and 45 percent contained, respectively, and the drying winds of the past week have made surrounding areas more susceptible to ignition. Several new fires ignited in dry brush and riverbeds on Tuesday.

Key updates

The latest on the active Los Angeles wildfires

By María Luisa Paúl and Angie Orellana Hernandez, Washington Post

Here’s what to know about the four active fires in the Los Angeles area as of early Wednesday. Spread and containment figures are from Cal Fire. More than 20 people have been killed, according to the Los Angeles County medical examiner’s office.

Palisades Fire (19 percent contained): The blaze has burned through more than 23,700 acres in and around Pacific Palisades. Los Angeles Fire Department Chief Kristin Crowley said the fire has destroyed more than 5,300 structures since it began last week. Firefighters are attempting to prevent the fire from reaching L.A.’s Brentwood neighborhood, home to the Getty Center museum, and Interstate 405.
Eaton Fire (45 percent contained): To the city’s east, near Pasadena, the fire has killed at least 16 people — making it one of the deadliest in California’s history — and has burned through more than 14,100 acres.
Hurst Fire (97 percent contained): In the north, near San Fernando, the fire has burned 799 acres.
Auto Fire (50 percent contained): A new brush fire broke out Monday evening at a river bottom in Ventura County and grew to 61 acres. Ventura County firefighters said they were able to halt the fire’s forward progress, and by Tuesday evening it was 47 percent contained, according to Cal Fire.

Winds threaten new or expanded wildfires in Los Angeles area Read More »

Bill prohibiting sale of invasive plants clears NJ Senate committee

News From The NJ Senate Democrats

TRENTON – The Senate Environment and Energy Committee advanced legislation sponsored by its Vice Chair, Senator Linda Greenstein, which would prohibit the sale, distribution, import, export, or other propagation of invasive plant species in the State.

Under the bill, a “prohibited invasive species” is defined as an invasive plant species whose introduction causes, or may cause, substantial economic or environmental harm or harm to human health, or substantially threatens, or may threaten, natural resources or the use of natural resources in the State.

The DEP would be required to create a central clearinghouse of information on its website, with information including lists of invasive species, lists of native species, information on how to identify species, manage such species, and best practices for control or eradication. The clearinghouse would also compile resources with links to information regarding other species management and regulation categories.

“Invasive plant species pose a real danger to New Jersey’s agricultural industry and the wider ecosystem,” said Senator Greenstein (D-Mercer/Middlesex). “We are one of the only states that does not have a list of prohibited species, which has resulted in around 50 invasive plants becoming widespread across the State. These invasive plants have wreaked havoc on native species for decades, and we must take action to mitigate the threat before irreparable damage is done.”

The bill, S1029, would also establish the Invasive Species Council, which would recommend additional species to include on the list adopted by the DEP, among other duties that include scientific research, identifying funding sources, and forming educational partnerships. The council would have 19 members. Six of those would be ex officio members, representing the Departments of Environmental Protection, Transportation, Health, and Agriculture, as well as the State Treasurer and the State Forester.

The rest of the council would be comprised of 13 members of the public appointed by the Governor, including two from environmental organizations involved in protecting native plants and animals, two from the food agriculture sector, two from the landscape industry, two from the nursery industry, two from higher education institutions with demonstrated subject knowledge, one from the county park system, one representing urban ecosystems, and one from the general public.

“Many invasive species have proven to be extremely aggressive, forcibly taking over the habitats of New Jersey’s native plants by competing for resources,” said Senator Smith (D-Middlesex/Somerset). “On top of this, they often provide a home for invasive insects, such as the spotted lantern fly, which has allowed for the exponential growth of the pests throughout our State.”

The bill would allow the DEP to grant conditional use waivers for invasive plant species for specific applications under strict and closely controlled conditions. The DEP would adopt an application process for these waivers and would be required to seek concurrence from the NJDA when granting agricultural conditional use waivers. Waivers identified by the NJDA as related to agricultural or horticultural industry use would be prioritized.

The bill was advanced in a 4-0 vote.

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